|
(詳細はSambor – November 5, 1993 buried in Kraków), was a Polish Roman Catholic pharmacist,〔Gilbert, Martin, (The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe ), p. 356 (1987 Macmillan)〕 operating in the Kraków Ghetto during the Nazi German occupation of Poland. He was recognized as "Righteous Among the Nations" by Yad Vashem on February 10, 1983, for rescuing countless Jews from the Holocaust. Pankiewicz studied at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. In 1933, he took over the proprietorship of the "Under the Eagle" pharmacy (''Apteka Pod Orłem'') founded in 1910 by his father Jozef.〔(Museum of National Remembrance at "Under the Eagle Pharmacy" )〕 The pharmacy was situated on Plac Zgody (formerly ''Mały Rynek'' square) in Kraków's Podgórze district. Its prewar clientele included both Gentile Poles and Jews. ==In the Kraków Ghetto== Under the German Nazi occupation of Poland during World War II, Podgórze district was closed off in March 1941 as a ghetto for local area Jewry. Within the walls of the Kraków Ghetto there were four prewar pharmacies owned by non-Jews. Pankiewicz was the only proprietor to decline the German offer of relocating to the aryan side of the city. He was given permission to continue operating his establishment as the only pharmacy in the Ghetto, and reside on the premises.〔David M. Crowe, (The Holocaust: Roots, History, and Aftermath. ) Published by Westview Press. Page 180.〕 His staff were given passage permits to enter and exit the ghetto for work. The often-scarce medications and pharmaceutical products supplied to the ghetto's residents, often free of charge, substantially improved their quality of life. In effect, apart from health care considerations, they contributed to survival itself. In his published testimonies, Pankiewicz makes particular mention of hair dyes used by those disguising their identities and tranquilizers given to fretful children required to keep silent during Gestapo raids. The pharmacy became a meeting place for the ghetto's intelligentsia, and a hub of underground activity. Pankiewicz and his staff, Irena Drozdzikowska, Helena Krywaniuk, and Aurelia Danek, risked their lives to undertake numerous clandestine operations: smuggling food and information, and offering shelter on the premises for Jews facing deportation to the camps. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tadeusz Pankiewicz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|